Intermodal Freight Transportation Planning Using Commodity Flow Data

 

 

 

 

 

 

Final Report

 

 

 

 

Yunlong Zhang

Department of Civil Engineering

Mississippi State University

 

 

Royce O. Bowden, Jr.

Department of Industrial Engineering

Mississippi State University

 

 

Albert J. Allen

Department of Agriculture Economics

Mississippi State University

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2003

 

 


 

 

Acknowledgment

 

 

This study was sponsored by the National Center of Intermodal Transportation (NCIT), the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT), and Mississippi State University. The following graduate students have contributed significantly to the study and this report:

 

Haiyuan Wang       Civil Engineering/Industrial Engineering

Aaron Tan             Industrial Engineering

Yingjie Zhou          Civil Engineering

Porfirio Fuentes     Agricultural Economics

Liping Long           Agricultural Economics


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ABSTRACT.. 1

1      INTRODUCTION.. 2

2      PURPOSE AND SCOPE.. 2

3      LITERATURE REVIEW... 3

3.1               Federal Legislation.. 3

3.2               Statewide Passenger Transportation Planning vs. Freight Transportation Planning   3

3.3               Intermodal Transportation Planning in Practices. 3

3.3.1        Statewide and Regional Practices. 3

3.3.2        European Practice. 7

3.3.3        Intermodal Transportation Related Simulation Practices. 8

3.4               Data Sources. 9

3.4.1        Commodity Flow Data. 9

3.4.2        Reebie Associates TRANSEARCH Database. 10

3.4.3        Rail Waybill Data. 11

3.4.4        TransCAD Database. 11

3.4.5        County Population and Employment Data. 11

3.4.6        Vehicle Inventory Use and Survey (VIUS) 12

3.4.7        Ground Counts Data. 12

3.4.8        Comprehensive Truck Survey Database. 13

4      METHODOLOGY AND BASE YEAR STUDY.. 13

4.1               Summary Description of the Study.. 13

4.2               Data Source Applications. 19

4.2.1        CFS Database Application. 22

4.2.2        TransCAD Database Application. 22

4.2.3        VIUS Application. 22

4.2.4        Cargo Density Database Application. 22

4.2.5        Ground Counts Database Application. 22

4.3               Network Development. 23

4.3.1        Highway Network for Traffic Assignment 23

4.3.2        Network for Simulation. 26

4.4               Commodity Flow Analysis. 26

4.4.1        Treatment of Missing Data in the CFS Database. 27

4.4.2        Commodity Flow Generation. 27

4.4.3        Commodity Flow Analysis Results. 27

4.5               Commodity Flow Disaggregation.. 33

4.5.1        Population Data. 34

4.5.2        Employment Data. 34

4.5.3        Disaggregation. 34

4.6               Commodity Flow Distribution.. 36

4.7               Commodity Flow Assignment. 36

4.7.1        Commodity Flow Assignment 36

4.7.2        Assignment Results Analysis. 37

4.8               Conversion from Commodity Flows to Truck Trips. 40

4.8.1        Payload Determination. 42

4.8.2        Truck Trips Conversion. 48

4.8.3        Model Validation. 51

4.8.4        Discussion on Truck Trips Conversion. 51

4.9               Model Validation and Calibration.. 52

5      FREIGHT FLOW FORECASTING.. 57

5.1               Economic Data.. 57

5.1.1        Population Data. 57

5.1.2        Employment Data. 57

5.2               Methodology for Forecasting.. 57

5.3               Limitation of the Methodology.. 59

5.4               Forecasting Results Analyses. 59

6      FURTHER ANALYSIS USING SIMULATION TOOLS. 60

6.1               Simulation O&D Data Preparation.. 60

6.2               Building of the Simulation Transportation Network.. 65

6.3               Simulation Assumptions/Considerations. 68

6.3.1        Truck Mode Assumptions. 68

6.3.2        Rail Mode Assumptions. 69

6.3.3        Water Mode Assumptions. 69

6.3.4        Intermodal Assumptions. 70

6.3.5        Fuel Consumption Assumption. 70

6.4               Speed Calculation.. 70

6.5               Truck Traffic Pattern.. 72

6.6               Performance Measures Implemented.. 74

6.6.1        Link Average Speed and Congestion. 74

6.6.2        Fuel Efficiency. 74

6.6.3        Zone Utilization of Highways. 74

6.7               Scenarios for Simulation Model. 75

6.7.1        Scenario 1: Base Condition. 76

6.7.2        Scenario 2: Future 2X Increase in Overall Tonnage Transported. 78

6.7.3        Scenario 3: Future 2X Increase in Overall Tonnage Transported with Intermodal Shifts  80

6.7.4        Conclusion from Simulation Scenario Results. 87

7      CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK.. 88



LIST OF TABLES

 

Table 4‑1 The City List in Neighboring States. 24

Table 4‑2 Tonnage Carried of Different Components by Commodity Type. 29

Table 4‑3 The Percentage of Commodity Carried by Truck or Rail (Single Mode) 30

Table 4‑4 List of Principle Commodities. 31

Table 4‑5 Mode Share Analysis for Commodity 25 & 26. 32

Table 4‑6 Two-digit SCTG & Four-digit SIC Code Matching Results. 35

Table 4‑7 Speed Limit Used in Shortest Travel Time Traffic Assignment 36

Table 4‑8 Distribution of Tons of Freight by Type of Highways in Mississippi 37

Table 4‑9 Truck Capacity by Type. 42

Table 4‑10 SCTG code and VIUS code Matching Results. 44

Table 4‑11 Commodity Density Carried by Truck. 44

Table 4‑12  Payload by Truck Type for Different Commodities (Before Payload Limit Consideration) 46

Table 4‑13 Payload by Truck Type by Commodities (After Payload Limit Consideration) 46

Table 4‑14 Truck Type Distribution by Commodity. 47

Table 4‑15 Expansion Factors. 48

Table 4‑16 Estimate Yearly Truck Usage by Truck Type. 51

Table 4‑17 Comparison Results (Model Results vs. Ground Counts) 53

Table 5‑1 Matching between SCTG Code and Two Digit SIC Code. 57

Table 5‑2 Base Year and Forecasted Years Transportation Comparison. 59

Table 6‑1: Color Code for Network Links. 65

Table 6‑2: Speed Limits. 71

Table 6‑3: Passenger Car Equivalents on Extended General Highway Segments. 71

Table 6‑4: Color Coding for Truck Entity in the Simulation Model 72

Table 6‑5: Fuel Efficiencies. 74

Table 6‑6: Summary of Results for Base Condition (Scenario 1) Simulation. 76

Table 6‑7: Summary of Average Traveling Speed and Congestion Statistics for the Base Condition. 76

Table 6‑8: Summary of Results for Scenario 2 Simulation (2X Increase) 78

Table 6‑9: Summary of Average Traveling Speed and Congestion Statistics for Scenario 2 (2X Increase) 78

Table 6‑10: Summary of Results for Scenario 3 Simulation (With Intermodal) 81

Table 6‑11: Summary of Average Traveling Speed and Congestion Statistics for Scenario 3 (With Intermodal) 81

Table 6‑12: Overall Summary of the Four Scenarios. 84

Table 6‑13: Summary of Results for Scenario 4 Simulation (With Intermodal) 84

 


LIST OF FIGURES

 

Figure 2‑1 Components and Relationships in the Study. 2

Figure 4‑1 Developed base year study Model in Statewide Intermodal Transportation Planning for Mississippi 17

Figure 4‑2 Structured Analysis Procedures for Transportation Analysis. 19

Figure 4‑3 Structured Approach and Databases Used in the Planning. 21

Figure 4‑4 Highway Network in the Nation Level for Truck Flow Analysis. 23

Figure 4‑5 Cities in Neighboring States. 25

Figure 4‑6 Traffic Analysis Zones for Transportation Analysis in Mississippi 26

Figure 4‑7 Highway Network for Traffic Assignment in Mississippi 26

Figure 4‑8 Mode Share Analysis for Commodity 25 and 26. 33

Figure 4‑9 The Methodology to Disaggregate State Level Data to County Level 36

Figure 4‑10 Total Commodity Flow in the State of Mississippi (based on tons) 37

Figure 4‑11 Wood and Wood Products in the State of Mississippi (I-I) (based on tons) 38

Figure 4‑12 Wood and Wood Products in the State of Mississippi (E-I) (based on tons) 38

Figure 4‑13 Wood and Wood Products in the State of Mississippi (I-E) (based on tons) 39

Figure 4‑14 Methodology for Converting Commodity Flow to Truck Trips. 42

Figure 4‑15 Average Daily Truck Traffic (ADTT) in the State of Mississippi 52

Figure 4‑16 Comparison between ground counts and model results. 55

Figure 4‑17 Major locations index used in comparison. 56

Figure 5‑1 Forecasting Procedures. 59

Figure 5‑2 Trend of Number of Trucks in Mississippi 59

Figure 6‑1: Screenshot of the VITS Animation. 60